The 57-year-old New York institution Studio Museum, dedicated to artists of African descent, inaugurated its new building in a press preview today, November 6, ahead of its grand public reopening next Saturday in Harlem. The exhibition also features Lorraine O'Grady's Art Is... at the entrance of one of the galleries in the From Now: A Collection in Context exhibition.
Last December, the world lost the fearless and trailblazing artist and writer Lorraine O’Grady. Working across forms, she challenged conventions, celebrated beauty, and altered the cultural landscape. Here, DK Nnuro considers her work through the lens of translation and transcreation.
In Eight Verses for Lorraine O’Grady, Camille Bacon honors the artist’s irreducible spirit and transformative impact on Black feminist art. Blending poetry and reflection, Bacon celebrates O’Grady’s boundary-defying practice—from Mlle Bourgeoise Noire to her curatorial work—affirming her lasting influence on future generations of artists and thinkers.
Andil Gosine shares with Small Axe his deeply personal experiences with Lorraine O’Grady, a singular force in his life whose influence has shaped his thinking and artistic practice since 2010. Reflecting on their years of collaboration, Gosine begins his tribute by recalling the creation of the video Landscape (Western Hemisphere) for the 2010 Buffalo art biennial Beyond/In Western New York, using it as a lens to explore O’Grady’s unique creative process.
Lorraine O’Grady (1934–2024), the conceptual and performance artist who transformed how audiences understand race, gender, and identity, died at 90. Beginning her art career at 45, she created groundbreaking works like Cutting Out The New York Times and championed Black female subjectivity, while her incisive writing and performances challenged systemic erasure and segregation in the art world.
Lorraine O’Grady (1934–2024), the trailblazing conceptual artist, used performance, collage, and writing to confront the art world’s racial and gender hierarchies. From her first collages in Cutting Out the New York Times to the fearless persona Mademoiselle Bourgeoise Noire, O’Grady challenged Black artists and institutions alike, blending wit, audacity, and Black feminist insight to transform how audiences see identity, creativity, and self-expression.
Lorraine O’Grady (1934–2024), a one-of-a-kind conceptual artist, challenged racism, sexism, and cultural hierarchies through fearless performances, photography, and writing. After early careers as an economist and rock critic, she turned to art in her 40s, creating provocative works like Mlle Bourgeoise Noire. A true risk-taker, O’Grady redefined the boundaries of art and identity, leaving an indelible mark on contemporary culture.
Lorraine O’Grady (1934–2024), an indefatigable conceptual artist whose work critiqued definitions of identity, died in New York on Friday aged 90. O’Grady confronted the structures of race, gender, and class while celebrating self-definition, dialogue, and the humanity at art’s core.
Lorraine O’Grady (1934–2024), a pioneering conceptual and performance artist, used her work to challenge racism, sexism, and class hierarchies while centering Black women’s voices. Known for her powerful persona Mlle Bourgeoise Noire and her iconic performance Art Is . . ., O’Grady redefined how identity, language, and art intersect in the fight for visibility and change.
Lorraine O’Grady (1934–2024) was a groundbreaking conceptual and performance artist whose work confronted race, gender, and power with incisive wit and emotion. From Mlle Bourgeoise Noire to Art Is . . ., her art and writing redefined Black female subjectivity and inspired generations to see themselves as part of art’s narrative.
The Audacity of Lorraine O’Grady—In this profile of O’Grady, Soraya Nadia McDonald offers careful consideration of the artist whose belated welcome into many institutions has set her a part as a forward-thinking rebel in the art world. Often cited as a major influence among fellow Black women artists, much of the world has finally caught up to O’Grady.
In A-M Journal, Lorraine O’Grady reflects on her life’s work and her “both/and” philosophy, rejecting binary thinking through the symbolic use of the diptych. Paired with Mariane Ibrahim’s insights on her gallery ecosystem, the article illuminates two influential figures reshaping contemporary art through innovation, inclusivity, and critical dialogue.
After the opening of O’Grady’s first exhibit, The Knight, or Lancela Palm-and-Steel, at the Mariane Ibrahim Gallery, artist Ayana V. Jackson wrote about her experience of meeting O’Grady who Jackson has long revered. Jackson notes how O’Grady’s pathmaking opened up worlds for Black women to come: “She stood alone so we can stand together… And on our own.”
Press release for the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation’s 2024 fellows which includes O’Grady in support of her forthcoming performative work project.
In her introduction for “Teaching/Learning with Lorraine O’Grady’s Both/And,” Amanda Gilvin offers a unique vantage point for viewing the renowned artist’s multi-decade career. While many have described O’Grady as becoming an artist later in life, Gilvin highlights the links between Wellesley College and the development of O’Grady’s groundbreaking concept of “both/and” over time, revealing that perhaps it was while at the college, her artistry first began to take form.
The Bay State Banner, 2024. Susan Saccocia reviews O’Grady’s “Both/And” at the Davis Museum at O’Grady’s alma mater, Wellesley College. Saccocia describes several of O’Grady’s most prominent works on display in the exhibit and highlights how the show weaves the narrative of O’Grady’s lustrous and expansive career.
The Momentary, 2024. To commemorate the acquisition of “Untitled: Mlle Bourgeoise Noire,” by Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Larissa Ramey examines O’Grady’s presentations of Black womanhood and identity within her work which sheds light on the intricate intersection of race and gender in contemporary society.”
The New York Times, 2023. Claude Manet’s “Olympia” served as the central piece in the “Manet/Exhibit” at the Met which brought the painting to New York for the first time. Jasin Farago notes that O’Grady is one of the few critics who has offered attention to the maid, who was actually a French model named Laure.
ARTnews, 2023. In this list of 100 Greatest New York City Artworks, O’Grady’s “Art Is…” is named fifth for its joyous celebration of Black life and art outside the institutional setting of museums and the mainstream art world.
Art History, 2023. Jamie Danis reviews Stephanie Sparling William’s “Speaking Out of Turn: Lorraine O’Grady and the Art of Language” in conjunction with “Howardena Pindell: Reclaiming Abstraction” by Sarah Louise Cowan. Danis contends with the importance of giving critical and arguably overdue attention to Black American women artists without minimizing the wide-range of their careers outside of the mainstream art world.
New York Magazine, 2023. Prior to the Manet/Degas show pairing which brought Claude Manet’s famed “Olympia” to the Met for the first time, Madeline Leung Coleman reflects on the painting and its complexities. Turning to Laure, the model who posed as the maid, Colemain recounts O’Grady’s seminal “Olympia’s Maid: Reclaiming Black Female Subjectivity,” which dismisses the notion that Laure’s primary function is of aesthetic, tonal contrast.
ICA Boston, 2023. O’Grady’s “The Firm Palm” was included in the “Forecast Form,” the first major group exhibition in the U.S. that focused on Caribbean diaspora. O’Grady’s piece was especially pertinent to the exhibit as it highlights her Boston upbringing in the context of her Jamaican heritage.
American Folk Art Museum, 2023. In 2023, the American Folk Art Museum launched a virtual program inspired by O’Grady’s concept of “both/and” to “examine the Museum’s collection beyond binary ideas of [art].”
Artforum, 2023. Artforum wonders if the trend of highly regarded artists like, O’Grady, departing well-known galleries, such as her former representation, Alexander Grey Associates, is indicative of a wider trend within the industry. O’Grady joined Marian Ibrahim Gallery in September of 2023 and is the gallery’s most established artist.
ARTnews, 2023. Alex Greenberger covers the news that O’Grady joined the Chicago-based Marian Ibrahim Gallery, departing from Alexander Gray Associates. In the article O’Grady is quoted as noting her belief in Mariane Ibrahim who she describes as a trailblazer in the art industry.
Protodispatch, 2023. A conversation between Laura Raicovich and the organizers of Loophole of Retreat, Simone Leigh and Rashida Bumbray on the physical, social, and cultural construction of the event. Accompanying pictures to the article feature O’GRady’s talk with Leigh, a highlight of the symposium.
Journal of Architectural Education, 2023. A conversation between V. Mitch Ewn and Tina Campt begins with a statement proposed by O’Grady at the close of Loophole of Retreat: Venice, a symposium of Black women writers, artists, and thinkers. In what Ewn and Campt regard as a call to action, O’Grady asks, “‘We can’t guilt trip forever, that won’t work. So the question is, how imaginative are we going to be?’” The question frames the cruciality of going beyond white audiences and spectators to speak to other Black women.
RP, 2014. Gail Lewis explores themes of “intergenerationality as a form of coalition.” Pointing to O’Grady’s “Olympia’s Maid,” Lewis argues for the use of subjectivity and self-reflection as sites of analysis that are critical to coalition building for liberation.
Hyperallergic, 2023. Lorraine O’Grady, Emily Jacir Among American Academy of Arts’s 2023 Awardees — In 2023, O’Grady was one of five recipients of the Arts and Letters Awards in Art, one of the most distinguished art awards. Taylor Michael notes that O’Grady’s work is recognized for addressing hybridity and Black female subjectivity.
First of the Month, 2023. This Met is Mine — In his thoughtful essay, Ben Khadim DeMott details his first encounter with O’Grady’s Miscegenated Family Album at the Booth collection at the University of Chicago which unearthed his own familial memories of trips to Met and viewing the Ancient Egyptian exhibit. Through research DeMott finds that “(Cross Generational) L: Nefertiti, the last image; R: Devonia\’s youngest Daughter, Kimberley,” is a part of the larger performance piece, “Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline.” He explores the cathartic potential of art as shown in O’Gradys works which serve first as a balm not an analytic correction of history.
post notes on art in a global context, 2023. Disrupting the Institution through Language and Enactment — Veronika Molnar’s essay examines the cultural importance and legacy of Hungarian Roma artist, Omara. Molnar highlights the parallels between Omara’s disruptions and interventions of art openings and O’Grady’s Mlle Bourgeoise Noire, which reflect the institutional struggles of both Black women artists in the United States and Romani women artists in Europe.
Lorraine O’Grady Has Always Been A Rebel—In this conversation for The New Yorker, Doreen St. Felix and O’Grady discuss the artist’s nonconformist attitudes which she cultivated in childhood, rebelling from a middle class, Black immigrant family. This spirit of rebellion foregrounded O’Grady’s interest in the avant-garde and her penchant for conceptualism.
For Aware’s index of worm artists, Stephanie Sparling Williams writes on O’Grady’s unique path to becoming an artist from US intelligence analyst, teacher, translator, and critic to avant-garde performances and photo installations.
The Kitchen, 2022. In 2022 Lorraine O’Grady was The Kitchen’s gala honoree. Alex Jacquet’s article surveys O’Grady’s work and situates it in dialogue with multi-disciplinary artist, Simone Leigh, who has cited O’Grady as a critical influence. Both O’Grady and Leigh, confront a “historic script” to re-contextualize subjectivity of Black women.
Siddhartha Mitter interviews Simone Leigh on Sovereignty, her installation for the U.S. Pavillion at the Venice Biennale. Leigh’s mentor, O’Grady, expresses enthusiasm for the symposium Loophole of Retreat that will accompany the show in October 2022.
Tom Patterson forms a based chronology of O'Grady's diverse range of careers. He notes her positions as an intelligence analyst for the federal government and a freelance writer for Rolling Stone, all of which she held before she was 40 years old. He studies her persona “Mlle Bourgeoise Noire” in her pivot to start an art practice in the latter half of her life.
Rizvana Bradley responds to Seph Rodney’s essay published in Hyperallergic, “Discovering How Black Women Might Forge a Path to Freedom.” In recounting the “Loophole of Retreat” conference – organized by Simone Leigh at the Venice Biennale in 2022 – Bradley offers a sound critique of Rodney’s writing on the conference, which reconsiders in/accessibility in artistic discourse.
Ama Codjoe reads from her recently published collection of poems, Bluest Nude, which considers her cultural visibility. She cites artists Lorraine O’Grady, Simone Leigh, and Evie Shockley in their uses of language as a form that is critical of itself, particularly in the way it is employed.
Folasade Ologundudu interviews Linda Goode-Bryant on her gallery project, Just Above Midtown. The gallery space hosted exhibitions for emerging artists of color from 1974 to 1986. The two discuss MoMA’s acquisition of the JAM archive. Goode-Bryant expresses that while she feels validated for the work that she and her collaborators did, she is also considering the danger of ‘cultural co-option’ that may arise with archiving her project at a predominately white arts institution.
Seph Rodney recounts his experience at Simone Leigh’s symposium held in conjunction with the artist’s presentation of Leigh’s work at the US Pavilion for the Venice Biennale. The symposium “Loophole of Retreat” brought together artists and theorists alike to consider political liberation and sovereignty for Black women. He writes about Lorraine O’Grady’s conversation with Leigh, one that concerned the Decolonize Museums protests that happened outside of her retrospective at the Brooklyn Museum in 2021. She began to question just what the privilege of a solo institutional show provided her, and how she could make new allyships with those afforded less power than her, notably trans activists.
O’Grady receives a mention amongst artists Allan Sekula, Frederico Morais, Park Chan-Kyong, and Marcel Broodthaers. All artists, Heddaya contends, maintain a “writerly” approach that he likens to the art historical impulse to compare and contrast two forms alongside each other in a diptych format.
Both Sides Now: In Conversation With Lorraine O’Grady—In an interview with Kate Guadagnino, O’grady discusses a typical day in her life as a working artist and her current interests.
Risk Everything—Ahead of the “Both/And” retrospective at the Brooklyn Museum, Catherinne Damman writes an insightful essay on the varied art and career of O’Grady. Of her many practices, Damman sees “risk as [O’Grady’s] primary medium,” foregoing easy stratifications in favor of deep inquiry and interrogation of the structures that bind.
Upon the opening of O’Grady’s retrospective Both/And, Artforum devotes much of its March 2021 issue to her prolific art practice. Catherine Damman provides a decades-long overview of her career, Mira Dayal focuses on Miscegenated Family Album, and David Fiasco interviews the artist on new works in progress.
Zachary Small reports on President Biden’s homage to “Art Is…” in his 2020 presidential campaign advertisement. The article places O’Grady amongst other artists similarly addressing the political climate of 2020. While Alexander Gray warns that “a piece like this is so easy for advertisers to appropriate,” the article makes clear that O’Grady gave her blessing on the campaign’s concept. “Biden is saying the same thing to the country that I was saying to the art world.”
After President Biden’s 2020 election win, reporter Eric Kohn interviews the campaign’s media production team. Biden’s video director Andrew Gauthier speaks to his interest in artists Lorraine O’Grady, Richard Linklater, and Barry Jenkins, all of whom influenced the iconic media campaign.
Heather Kapplow conducts a formal analysis of O’Grady’s performance persona, Mlle Bourgeoise Noire, in an attempt to bridge her pioneering artwork of the 1980s with the activism of Black public figures in the 2010s.
Drawing on the Black Feminist scholarship of Hortense Spillers, Beth Capper interprets O’Grady’s performances as representing life lived in the “interstice” between two worlds. The rigorously academic essay situates O’Grady’s work in a lineage of radical Black artists (David Hammons and Jean-Michel Basquiat, to name two) who deal with the limits of language and the politics of visual representation.
April Austin offers a detailed genealogy of O’Grady’s art career – specifically emphasizing the formative years spent at her alma mater, Wellesley College – on the occasion of O’Grady donating her archive to the College’s library.
Tonya Nelson traces histories of political protests and activism from the civil rights movement to the more contemporary Black Lives Matter movement – problematizing the roots of Western individualism at large. Her critique reveals itself through her analyses of works by Lorraine O’Grady, Maren Hassinger, and Linda Goode-Bryant, all featured in the group exhibitions Soul of a Nation and We Wanted A Revolution.
Upon the opening of the group exhibition We Wanted A Revolution, Jessica Bell Brown celebrates the Black female artists-activists who made space to create their own art world in the 1970s and 80s, including Lorraine O’Grady, Linda Goode-Bryant, and Senga Nengudi. Brown reminds her audience that the work doesn’t stop at this exhibition; she strongly urges museums to acquire the exhibited pieces into their permanent collections.
Frieze, 2016. In an essay interrogating uses of racial representation and depiction in photography, Evan Moffitt highlights O’Grady’s “Art Is…” 1983 performance which used a literal frame to metaphorically reframe thoughts on what constitutes art and who is allowed to participate in its creation.
Aria Dean’s “Closing the Loop” — In contrasting white “selfie” feminism’s understanding of the body to that of contemporary black feminism, Dean’s feature essay also provides a first updating of “Olympia’s Maid.”
Caille Millner, on Rivers, First Draft as a living Künstlerroman — Whereas to many the performance may seem surrealist (in the way early readers saw García Márquez's 100 Years of Solitude as surrealist when that novel was, if not realistic, quite real), Millner adeptly demystifies the work's collage aesthetic, seeing the piece as literalized metaphor, a guide to women of color wishing to become artists.
"Frame Me": Speaking Out of Turn and Lorraine O'Grady's Alien Avant-Garde — In the first major academic article on O'Grady, Stephanie Sparling Williams, using both the definition of "alien" as stranger and the Brechtian "alienation effect," provides a first line of theorization, stating: "As both alien and avant-garde, [it paves] the way for these two terms to be theorized in close proximity as a distinctive position from which to deploy strategic visibility and voice."
Piece on Basquiat referencing O'Grady's 1993 Artforum article — ArtInfo executive editor Ben Davis's feature, "Saving Basquiat," points to O'Grady's 1993 Artforum article and highlights the question it raised: Could knowing black fine artists have saved him?
Lisa Scanlon on O'Grady's archive at Wellesley College — Associate editor Scanlon, writing on the newly opened Lorrraine O'Grady Papers, the College's first major alumnae archives, calls the collection a means to preserve the records of the artist's "permanent rebellion."
Unpublished article on New Worlds — The unpublished article by Gosine, a York University (Toronto) professor who'd written earlier on hybridity in O'Grady's work, is a perceptive and detailed analysis of the subject's treatment in her New Worlds show at Alexander Gray, NY.
Jeu de Paume invited blog — Rice's familiarity with O'Grady's work over 30 years results in a theoretically astute and rotundly feminist look at how New Worlds extends the artist's ongoing critique of cultural stability from the lens of the hybridized political-personal and the colonized body.
Alana Chloe Esposito, Unnatural Attitudes — A sensitive summary of O'Grady's biography and its effect on her art, Esposito's piece sees the work as emerging from the artist's pressure to understand and become herself.
Lorraine O’Grady’s Landscape — In a new magazine devoted to artists from the Caribbean and its diaspora, a young Trinidadian-Canadian professor at Toronto’s York University sheds light on the role of hybridity in Landscape (Western Hemisphere) and its complementary work The Clearing.
The Poem Will Resemble You — Mauss’s article for Artforum is, with Wilson’s INTAR catalogue essay, one of the most extended and incisive pieces on O’Grady’s oeuvre to date. It was one-half of a two-article feature that also included O’Grady’s artist portfolio for The Black and White Show.
Artforum, Artists Curate, January – Cady Noland's "Back At You" portfolio brings together artists such as Chris Burden, Adrian Piper and Lorraine O'Grady whose work takes "considerable risks."
A West Indian Yankee in Queen Nefertiti’s Court — The first critical article on O'Grady's work as a whole, and still one of the best. Published in New Observations #97: COLOR. September/October 1993. Special issue, edited by ADRIAN PIPER.
Unpublished slide lecture, A Postmortem on Postmodernism? — Prior to O’Grady’s publication of “Olympia’s Maid,” it tellingly inflects T. Feucht-Haviar’s later paper on subjectivity as a critical category opposing regimes of knowledge acquisition and production based in compromised forms of power relations.