Rivers and Just Above Midtown, 2013, 2015
Text read at MOMA's Now Dig This! symposium — A meditation on why Rivers, First Draft might not have existed without the Just Above Midtown Gallery’s challenging and supportive environment.
Just Above Midtown
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My 1980s, Art Journal 2012
Artist feature, CAA Art Journal, Summer 2012 — Based on her lecture in conjunction with the exhibit This Will Have Been: Art, Love and Politics in the 1980s, the article puts several early works in historical context and explains O'Grady's reverse trajectory from "post-black" to "black."
Email Q & A with Artforum Editor, 2009
O’Grady used the margin comments of her Artforum editor on “The Black and White Show” in part as an opportunity for background clarification on the situation of race in the 1980s art world.
PS1 newspaper interview, 2008
Abbreviated version of a WPS1 radio chat with curator Connie Butler. Published in the P.S.1 Newspaper Special Edition for “WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution,” Winter/Spring, 2008, P.S.1–MOMA, Long Island City, NY.
WPS1 chat with Connie Butler, 2008
Recorded by Art Radio WPS1, available online at clocktower.org — Full transcript of a 45-minute conversation between Lorraine O’Grady and curator Connie Butler in WPS1 Art Radio’s broadcast studios two weeks before the WACK! opening at PS1–MOMA, Long Island City, NY.
Mlle Bourgeoise Noire 1980-81, Synopsis 2007
Posted to the moca.org WACK site — O’Grady posted this brief synopsis of the performance and its background on the WACK! exhibit’s excellent website. Significantly, she also posted 13 largely unknown photos-with-captions documenting the performance, which historically had been victim to two iconic images. Lacking a full context, they had become empty signifiers.
re Art Is. . ., to Moira Roth, 2007
Unpublished email exchange — During an e-mail exchange in which they were sharing ideas and work, O'Grady sent Roth a copy of Lucy Lippard's review of Art Is. . . . Roth's questions prompted O'Grady to elaborate on the making and meaning of the performance.
The 1980s: An Internet Conference, 2005
Moderated online by Maurice Berger — O’Grady’s replies to Berger’s questions, both reproduced here, were extensive. The conference, with 30 posters and hosted on the Georgia O’Keefe Museum website, provided an opportune moment to re-think her 80s work in its larger historical context.
Email Q & A with Courtney Baker, 1998
Unpublished exchange — The most comprehensive and focused interview of O’Grady to date, this Q & A by a Duke University doctoral candidate benefited from the slowness of the email format, the African American feminist scholar’s deep familiarity with O’Grady’s work, and their personal friendship.
Art Is... Ancient Egypt black female subjectivity Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline sibling rivalry art-world racism unpublished hybridity performance art Courntey Baker Jean-Michel Basquiat 1998 the Black and White Show historiography Just Above Midtown art market black avant-garde black women artists Rivers First Draft black writers autobiography erasure/invisibility Mlle Bourgeoise Noire race and class
Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline, 1997
Art Journal, College Art Association — In this article for Art Journal, Winter 1997, the special issue on performance edited by Martha Wilson, O’Grady focuses first on Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline, then discusses its relationship to Miscegenated Family Album, alluding to the advantages and disadvantages of the move from performance to photo installation.
Interview by Laura Cottingham, 1995
Hatch-Billops Collection, Artists and Influence 1996, vol. 15 — In-depth interview done for the excellent Artist and Influence series produced by Camille Billops and James Hatch for their archive of African American visual and theatre arts.
Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline Ancient Egypt black female subjectivity Olympia's Maid sibling rivalry white feminism Judith Wilson the Black and White Show Lucy Lippard tokenism Just Above Midtown performance art religion and spirituality black avant-garde Adrian Piper autobiography 1995 Mlle Bourgeoise Noire nature vs culture Miscegenated Family album the Caribbean rock criticism race and class The Clearing sex and sexuality
Basquiat and the Black Art World, 1993
Artforum International — O’Grady’s column on the occasion of Basquiat’s first retrospective, at the Whitney Museum, was the first to examine Basquiat’s relation to the black art world. It discusses her personal relationship to Jean-Michel and analyzes the mainstream art world’s “primitivist” responses to his work.
Interview by Linda Montano, 1986
Unedited transcript for Performance Artists Talking in the Eighties — Montano’s questions on “ritual” cast interesting light on the connection between O’Grady’s early life and her performances. The unedited transcript of the interview contains answers in greater depth on Mlle Bourgeoise Noire and Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline.
Performance Statement #3, 1983
Unpublished statement, for Tony Whitfield — A letter to Tony Whitfield in preparation for Just Above Midtown’s Afro- Pop catalogue interview is O’Grady’s most self-conscious to that point. Experiencing a lack of clear precedents for her work, in it she attempts to theorize her relationship to performance art and the paucity of role models, and to face the question of the audience for black avant-garde art.
Mlle Bourgeoise Noire at JAM, 1980
High Performance #13, Artist’s Chronicle — Her first submission to a performance art journal was a description of Mlle Bourgeoise Noire’s earliest appearance, a guerrilla action at Just Above Midtown, the country’s only black avant-garde art gallery.
Harper’s Bazaar, 2024
The Audacity of Lorraine O’Grady—In this profile of O’Grady, Soraya Nadia McDonald offers careful consideration of the artist whose belated welcome into many institutions has set her a part as a forward-thinking rebel in the art world. Often cited as a major influence among fellow Black women artists, much of the world has finally caught up to O’Grady.
hybridity Announcement of a New Persona (Performances to Come!) Just Above Midtown Cutting Out CONYT black avant-garde The New Museum Mlle Bourgeoise Noire the knight Art Is... Davis Museum The Fir-Palm or Lancela Palm-and-Steel Olympia's Maid Wellesley College The Whitney Museum both/and Brooklyn Museum
Simplebooklet.com, 2024
In her introduction for “Teaching/Learning with Lorraine O’Grady’s Both/And,” Amanda Gilvin offers a unique vantage point for viewing the renowned artist’s multi-decade career. While many have described O’Grady as becoming an artist later in life, Gilvin highlights the links between Wellesley College and the development of O’Grady’s groundbreaking concept of “both/and” over time, revealing that perhaps it was while at the college, her artistry first began to take form.
Cutting Out CONYT Mlle Bourgeoise Noire Aruna d’Souza Art Is... Catherine Morris Miscegenated Family album Loophole of Retreat diaspora Soul of a Nation Boston 2024 Cutting Out The New York Times the Davis Museum Wellesley College The Body Is the Ground of My Experience hybridity both/and teaching/learning with Lorraine O’Grady the Black and White Show Brooklyn Museum Just Above Midtown Stephanie Sparling Williams diptych
Wellesley Magazine, 2024
Wellesley Magazine, 2024. Kerry Gaertner Gerbracht offers an insightful look into O’Grady’s prolific career as a writer, teacher, and artist in this article covering the opening of “Both/And” at the Davis Museum. Gerbracht notes the expansion of the exhibit from its original showing which includes pieces directly related to her time at Wellesley College as a student.
Art in America, 2023
Art in America, 2023. How Iconic Gallery Just Above Midtown Swapped Art History’s Lone Geniuses for Vibrant Community — Josie Roland Hodson reviews “Just Above Midtown: Changing Spaces,” noting the range of featured artists which included frequent and better-known artists such as O’Grady alongside “those less familiar to the mainstream art press.”
Hyperallergic, 2023
Hyperallergic 2023. What Just Above Midtown Meant for Black Artists — Taylor Michael reviews “Just Above Midtown: Changing Spaces at the Museum of Modern Art” which included stills from O’Grady’s Mlle Bourgeoise Noire as well as her most recent persona, The Knight.
The New Yorker, 2022
Lorraine O’Grady Has Always Been A Rebel—In this conversation for The New Yorker, Doreen St. Felix and O’Grady discuss the artist’s nonconformist attitudes which she cultivated in childhood, rebelling from a middle class, Black immigrant family. This spirit of rebellion foregrounded O’Grady’s interest in the avant-garde and her penchant for conceptualism.
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Artnet, 2022
Folasade Ologundudu interviews Linda Goode-Bryant on her gallery project, Just Above Midtown. The gallery space hosted exhibitions for emerging artists of color from 1974 to 1986. The two discuss MoMA’s acquisition of the JAM archive. Goode-Bryant expresses that while she feels validated for the work that she and her collaborators did, she is also considering the danger of ‘cultural co-option’ that may arise with archiving her project at a predominately white arts institution.
New York Times, 2022
Aruna D’Souza offers historicizes the foundational years at Just Above Midtown, the gallery project of Linda Goode-Bryant, which platformed artists including David Hammons, Lorna Simpson, and Maren Hassinger early in their careers. D’Souza addresses the show’s goals to highlight the gallery’s history of the 1970s and 1980s, while also enlivening its archive as it remains active into the 2020s. For Goode-Bryant, the question of integrity arises: “Can JAM be JAM at MoMA?”
The New York Times Style Magazine, 2021
Both Sides Now: In Conversation With Lorraine O’Grady—In an interview with Kate Guadagnino, O’grady discusses a typical day in her life as a working artist and her current interests.
Lucy Lippard Iowa Writers Workshop New Museum criticism Cutting Out The New York Times Davis Museum Wellesley College Just Above Midtown Egypt diptych Conceptualism Mlle Bourgeoise Noire Jamaica Art Is... both/and Miscegenated Family album Brooklyn Museum Olympia's Maid Aruna d’Souza Boston Catherine Morris
Collector Daily, 2021
Lorraine O’Grady: Both/And @Brooklyn Museum—Loring Knoblauch provides a comprehensive review of O’Grady’s Both/And retrospective offering a detailed listing of the artworks displayed, and the mapping of the show. Looking closely at each component presented at the Brooklyn Museum, Knoblauch finds that what emerges is the importance of conceptualism and idea-driven practices to O’Grady’s work.
Miscegenated Family album Brooklyn Museum black female subjectivity The Fir-Palm 2021 Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline Aruna d’Souza Harlem Catherine Morris hybridity Body is the Ground of My Experience the knight Just Above Midtown black women artists Rivers First Draft the Caribbean diptych The Strange Taxi photo-installation Egypt Mlle Bourgeoise Noire Conceptualism Art Is... both/and
Artforum, 2021
Risk Everything—Ahead of the “Both/And” retrospective at the Brooklyn Museum, Catherinne Damman writes an insightful essay on the varied art and career of O’Grady. Of her many practices, Damman sees “risk as [O’Grady’s] primary medium,” foregoing easy stratifications in favor of deep inquiry and interrogation of the structures that bind.
Miscegenated Family album Cutting Out The New York Times The Clearing both/and Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline Brooklyn Museum Olympia's Maid 2021 Boston Stephanie Sparling Williams Linda Goode Bryant Aruna d’Souza the Black and White Show Harlem Joe Biden Just Above Midtown Body is the Ground of My Experience Catherine Morris photo-installation the Caribbean The Dinner Party Mlle Bourgeoise Noire race and class Judy Chicago Art Is... Ancient Egypt Cutting Out CONY
Observer, 2021
Anni Irish offers an overview of O’Grady’s art practice in consideration of her retrospective, Both/And, focusing on key conceptual stakes, such as the artist’s interest in language as form.
both/and Caribbean retrospective performance art Brooklyn Museum interdisciplinary The Village Voice hybridity other media Rolling Stone the Black and White Show becoming an artist Announcement of a New Persona (Performances to Come!) Just Above Midtown erasure/invisibility 2021 Mlle Bourgeoise Noire Cutting Out The New York Times Cutting Out CONYT Art Is... Wellesley College art institutions Miscegenated Family album Conceptualism School of Visual Arts Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline Jamaica cat o’nine tails art-world racism
New York Vulture, 2021
Jillian Steinhauer reviews O'Grady's retrospective exhibition “Both/And” at the Brooklyn Museum. The article highlights O'Grady's pioneering work in performance art and her exploration of race, gender, and identity in her practice. Steinhauer describes O'Grady's personal history, including her West Indian heritage, her education, and her career as a writer before she turned to art, another aspect of her life that significantly informs her art practice.
Art Is... both/and writing in space Brooklyn Museum Boston Iowa Writers Workshop art-world racism Guerilla Gurls Lucy Lippard performance becoming an artist Linda Goode Bryant erasure/invisibility Just Above Midtown Cutting Out The New York Times black avant-garde Black feminism Mlle Bourgeoise Noire colonialism
New York Times, 2021
Lorraine O’Grady, Still Cutting Into the Culture—Forty years after O’Grady debuted Mlle Bourgeoise Noire, declaring that Black art to take more risks, O’Grady receives her first retrospective at the Brooklyn Museum which features the launch of a new persona. In this profile, Siddhartha Mitter showcases how O’Grady has continuously pursued new ventures, pushing culture forward in her quests of discovery.
The Clearing Announcement of a New Persona (Performances to Come!) Olympia's Maid Cutting Out CONYT hybridity Boston Aruna d’Souza Just Above Midtown New Museum Simone Leigh black avant-garde Linda Goode Bryant Catherine Morris Rivers First Draft the Caribbean Soul of a Nation diptych Cutting Out The New York Times We Wanted A Revolution Mlle Bourgeoise Noire Egypt criticism Art Is... Jamaica Devonia/Nefertiti Miscegenated Family album both/and black female subjectivity Stange Taxi writing in space Brooklyn Museum
Artforum, 2021
Upon the opening of O’Grady’s retrospective Both/And, Artforum devotes much of its March 2021 issue to her prolific art practice. Catherine Damman provides a decades-long overview of her career, Mira Dayal focuses on Miscegenated Family Album, and David Fiasco interviews the artist on new works in progress.
Egypt the Black and White Show The Dinner Party art-world racism Jamaica Just Above Midtown Outlaw Aesthetics Caribbean both/and Mlle Bourgeoise Noire Leon-Gontran Damas displacement Announcement of a New Persona (Performances to Come!) Art Is... The New Museum New York Times 2021 Miscegenated Family album Hortense Spillers becoming an artist Cutting Out CONYT photography Nefertiti’s Sister Linda Goode Bryant language diaspora seriality Harlem erasure Aruna d’Souza The Clearing Family Portrait 1 (Formal Body is the Ground of My Experience anti-Blackness Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline Composed) western cultural hegemony Catherine Morris Olympia's Maid Cutting Out The New York Times hybridity modernity Boston
New York Times, 2021
Holland Cotter, a chronic reviewer of O’Grady’s work, calls attention to the exhibition design of her retrospective, Both/And. She remarks on how the artist’s pervasive installation, which weaves throughout the museum, encourages viewers to reconsider the institution’s permanent collection through a critical lens.
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Boston Globe, 2021
In light of O’Grady’s retrospective at the Brooklyn Museum, Murray Whyte argues for the artist’s embrace of cultural hybridity through an in-depth analysis of her art practice. Specifically, she considers how O’Grady’s insistence to be “both/and” – to contain multiple backgrounds at the same time, refusing a singular identity – could usher in the next generation of interdisciplinary, multicultural artists.
Rolling Stone refusal Boston 2021 hybridity art-world racism Cutting Out CONYT Just Above Midtown Caribbean School of Visual Arts Rivers First Draft Landscape (Western Hemisphere) Aruna d’Souza Mlle Bourgeoise Noire western cultural hegemony Joe Biden Art Is... Cutting Out The New York Times Hugh Hefner Miscegenated Family album Wellesley College Strange Taxi diaspora Egypt Concrete poetry Surrealism both/and Judy Chicago Olympia's Maid Brooklyn Museum Eurocentrism white feminism
Artforum, 2019
For Artforum, Colby Chamberlain articulates the nuanced, critical value of O’Grady’s “haiku diptychs.” In the review, he traces O’Grady’s deconstruction of print language to the post-Modernist lineage of Benjamin, Derrida, and Mallarmé, which she taught at the School of the Visual Arts around the same time the prints were in production.
The New York Times Just Above Midtown 2019 Surrealism Jacques Derrida Dada Stéphane Mallarmé modernism School of the Visual Arts representation avant-garde literature Nick Mauss haiku diptychs Cutting Out The New York Times Mlee Daniel Reich Gallery Iowa Writers Workshop Cutting Out CONYT deconstruction language cultural critique
Experience Magazine, 2019
Heather Kapplow conducts a formal analysis of O’Grady’s performance persona, Mlle Bourgeoise Noire, in an attempt to bridge her pioneering artwork of the 1980s with the activism of Black public figures in the 2010s.
Hyperallergic, 2018
Chase Quinn casts light on O’Grady’s performance personas in his review of the exhibition From Me to Them to Me Again. The writer considers the artist’s persona of Mlle Bourgeoise Noire to exemplify her career of fighting against art world racism and Western binarism at large.
representation 2018 black women artists From Me to Them to Me Again western cultural hegemony Afro-Caribbean hybridity Cutting Out The New York Times Irish Just Above Midtown post-black Savannah College of Art and Design black avant-garde Egypt SCAD Mlle Bourgeoise Noire Cutting Out CONYT SCAD Museum Art Is... The New York Times Wellelsey College art-world racism segregation the news Landscape (Western Hemisphere) race and politics Linda Goode Bryant Iowa Writers Workshop
The Drama Review, 2018
Drawing on the Black Feminist scholarship of Hortense Spillers, Beth Capper interprets O’Grady’s performances as representing life lived in the “interstice” between two worlds. The rigorously academic essay situates O’Grady’s work in a lineage of radical Black artists (David Hammons and Jean-Michel Basquiat, to name two) who deal with the limits of language and the politics of visual representation.
feminism academic journal Miscegenated Family album aesthetics black female subjectivity juxtaposition Egypt the body Black feminism Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline Hortense Spillers hybridity art-world racism refusal Jean-Michel Basquiat representation 2018 Just Above Midtown David Hammons the instertice black avant-garde Wack! Art and the Feminist Revolution interupption political art black women artists limits of representation Mlle Bourgeoise Noire western cultural hegemony in between Art Is... sex and sexuality
Wellesley Magazine, 2017
April Austin offers a detailed genealogy of O’Grady’s art career – specifically emphasizing the formative years spent at her alma mater, Wellesley College – on the occasion of O’Grady donating her archive to the College’s library.
Media Diversified, 2017
Tonya Nelson traces histories of political protests and activism from the civil rights movement to the more contemporary Black Lives Matter movement – problematizing the roots of Western individualism at large. Her critique reveals itself through her analyses of works by Lorraine O’Grady, Maren Hassinger, and Linda Goode-Bryant, all featured in the group exhibitions Soul of a Nation and We Wanted A Revolution.
Hyperallergic, 2017
Upon the opening of the group exhibition We Wanted A Revolution, Jessica Bell Brown celebrates the Black female artists-activists who made space to create their own art world in the 1970s and 80s, including Lorraine O’Grady, Linda Goode-Bryant, and Senga Nengudi. Brown reminds her audience that the work doesn’t stop at this exhibition; she strongly urges museums to acquire the exhibited pieces into their permanent collections.
Maren Hassinger Kellie Jones Linda Goode Bryant 1960s Now Dig This! Art and Black Los Angeles 1960-1980 Harlem Women’s Liberation Toni Morrison Studio Z 1970s Senga Nengudi AIR Gallery Just Above Midtown 2017 Black liberation black avant-garde black women artists Women Students and Artists for Black Liberation Mlle Bourgeoise Noire black writers protest 1980s Brooklyn Museum AfriCOBRA white feminism radicalism Combahee River Collective art-world racism We Wanted A Revolution Eileen Harris Norton performance art
Paris Review, 2016
Caille Millner, on Rivers, First Draft as a living Künstlerroman — Whereas to many the performance may seem surrealist (in the way early readers saw García Márquez's 100 Years of Solitude as surrealist when that novel was, if not realistic, quite real), Millner adeptly demystifies the work's collage aesthetic, seeing the piece as literalized metaphor, a guide to women of color wishing to become artists.
Stedelijk Studies #3, 2016
"Frame Me": Speaking Out of Turn and Lorraine O'Grady's Alien Avant-Garde — In the first major academic article on O'Grady, Stephanie Sparling Williams, using both the definition of "alien" as stranger and the Brechtian "alienation effect," provides a first line of theorization, stating: "As both alien and avant-garde, [it paves] the way for these two terms to be theorized in close proximity as a distinctive position from which to deploy strategic visibility and voice."
New York Times, 2015
Holland Cotter, Art & Design — Cotter's review of O'Grady's exhibit at Alexander Gray focuses on her use of collage in both "Cutting Out the New York Times" and "Rivers, First Draft" as a method of shaping her complex history.
Hyperallergic, 2013
Animating the Archive: Black Performance Art's Radical Presence – Alexis Clements' review of "Radical Presence" at the Grey Art Gallery, NYU, discusses the ways in which O'Grady's photo-document installation of Mlle Bourgeoise Noire enables one to imagine at least in part what it might have been like to be present during the performance.
Wellesley Magazine, 2013
Lisa Scanlon on O'Grady's archive at Wellesley College — Associate editor Scanlon, writing on the newly opened Lorrraine O'Grady Papers, the College's first major alumnae archives, calls the collection a means to preserve the records of the artist's "permanent rebellion."
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Art Fag City, 2012
Alana Chloe Esposito, Unnatural Attitudes — A sensitive summary of O'Grady's biography and its effect on her art, Esposito's piece sees the work as emerging from the artist's pressure to understand and become herself.
Just Above Midtown Charles Baudelaire and Jeanne Duval autobiography the Caribbean Mlle Bourgeoise Noire video art diaspora mother art-world racism The Whitney Museum performance art Girls Latin School Michael Jackson Landscape (Western Hemisphere) black female subjectivity BodyGround The First and the Last of the Modernists 2012
Ben Davis, 2012
Lorraine O'Grady's Hair Stare Fare, Village Voice — Davis's career evaluation and review of New Worlds at Alexander Gray, NY, O'Grady's show comprised of The Fir-Palm, The Clearing, and the projected video Landscape (Western Hemisphere), is suggestively sub-titled "A veteran artist turns identity into abstract art."
Nick Mauss in Artforum, 2009
The Poem Will Resemble You — Mauss’s article for Artforum is, with Wilson’s INTAR catalogue essay, one of the most extended and incisive pieces on O’Grady’s oeuvre to date. It was one-half of a two-article feature that also included O’Grady’s artist portfolio for The Black and White Show.
Johanna Burton, 2008
Miscegenated Family Album, Artforum Magazine — In Artforum's first review of an O'Grady solo exhibit, Burton sensitively parses the "uneasy symmetry" of the Miscegenated Family Album installation at Alexander Gray Associates, NY.
Calvin Reid, 1993
A West Indian Yankee in Queen Nefertiti’s Court — The first critical article on O'Grady's work as a whole, and still one of the best. Published in New Observations #97: COLOR. September/October 1993. Special issue, edited by ADRIAN PIPER.
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Judith Wilson, 1991
Lorraine O’Grady: Critical Interventions — Catalogue essay for O'Grady's first solo exhibit: "Lorraine O'Grady," photomontages, INTAR Gallery, 420 W 42nd St, NYC, Jan 21-Feb 22, 1991. Includes authoritative account of artist's earlier career.
LIVE performance 5, 1980/81
“Dialogues,” Just Above Midtown Gallery — Patricia S. Jones discusses a downtown gallery performance series at Just Above Midtown, NYC, Oct 1980 in a late 70s-early 80s annual journal. Article makes special note of O’Grady’s first performance of Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline.